A History of Western Philosophy, Vol. I: Ancient and Medieval
by Dr. Norman L. Geisler
2012
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This is the first of a two-volume set on the history of philosophy from the Pre-Socratics to the Post-moderns. It offers comprehensive exposition of the greatest and most influential thinkers of the western world from a Christian perspective. This very unique set is the result of a life-time of research, teaching, and writing by Dr. Geisler, the founder and first president of the Evangelical Philosophical Society. Volume one covers all the major Western thinkers of ancient and medieval philosophy from Thales to Plotinus to Aquinas to Gerson.
Contents:
Introduction: the History of Philosophy 7
The Four Great Periods of Western Thought 8
The Origin of Western Philosophy 9
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY 12
THALES (c. 640 – 546/5 B.C.) 12
ANAXIMANDER (c. 640 – 546 B.C.) 14
ANAXIMENES (c. 640546 B.C.) 17
PYTHAGORAS (6th cent. B.C.) 18
HERACLITUS (c. 540 – 475 B.C.) 22
XENOPHANES (c. 570 – 480 B.C.) 26
PARMENIDES (c. 515 – 450 B.C.) 28
ZENO (490 – 430 B.C.) 31
MELISSUS (5th Century B.C.) 34
EMPEDOCLES (c. 493 – 433 B.C.) 36
INTRODUCTION TO ATOMISM 38
ANAXAGORAS (c. 500 – 428 B.C.) 40
DIOGENES (of Apollonia) (c. 470 – 399 B.C.) 43
LEUCIPPUS (fl. c.450 B.C.) 44 DEMOCRITUS (c. 460 – 370 B.C) 46
INTRODUCTION TO THE SOPHISTS 48
PROTAGORAS (c.485 – 410 B.C.) 49
GORGIAS (c. 483 – 375 B.C.) 51
CRATYLUS (c. 428 – 348 B.C.) 53
SOCRATES (c. 470 – 399 B.C.) 54
PLATO (c. 428/7 – 348/7 B.C.) 59
ARISTOTLE (c. 384/383 – 322/321 B.C.) 73
EPICURUS (c. 341 – 270 B.C.) 90
INTRODUCTION TO THE STOICS 95
PYRRHO (c. 360 – 270 B.C.) 97
LUCRETIUS (c. 99 – 55 B.C.) 99
MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO (c. 106 – 43 B.C.) 101
PHILO (JUDAEUS) OF ALEXANDRIA (c. 20 B.C. – A.D. 40) 103
JESUS CHRIST (c. 4 B.C. – 33 a.d.) 108
EPICTETUS (c. A.D. 50138) 112
SEXTUS EMPIRICUS (c. A.D. 160210) 114
EARLY CHRISTIAN THINKERS (c. 2nd and 3rd cents. A.D.) 116
JUSTIN MARTYR (c. A.D. 100—165) 117
CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (c. A.D. 150—211/215) 119
TERTULLIAN (c. A.D. 155 or 160 — after 220) 127
GNOSTICISM (c. A.D. 2nd to 4th Centuries) 132
PLOTINUS (NEO-PLATONISM) (c. A. D. 205 – 270) 138
MEDIEVAL PHILSOPHY 150
SAINT AUGUSTINE (c. A.D. 354 – 430) 150
PROCLUS (c. A.D. 410 – 480) 160
BOETHIUS (c. A.D. 480 – 525) 165
DIONYSIUS [DENIS] THE PSEDUDO AREOPAGITE (fl. c. A.D. 500) 172
JOHN PHILOPONUS (c. A.D. 490 – 570) 176
INTRODUCTION TO MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY 181
MUHAMMAD (c. A.D. 570 – 632) 184
JOHN SCOTUS ERIGENA (c. A.D. 810 – 877) 185
INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY 194
AL KINDI (c. A.D. 801 – 873) 195
AL FARABI (C. A. D. 872 – 950) 200
AVICENNA (IBN SINA) (C. A.D. 980 – 1037) 203
THE RISE OF JEWISH PHILOSOPHY 213
AVICEBRON (SOLOMON IBN GABRIOL) (c. A.D. 1020 – 1070) 214
AL GHAZALI (c. A.D. 1058 – 1111) 216
ANSELM OF CANTERBURY (c. A.D. 1033 – 1109) 219
PETER ABELARD (c. A.D. 1079 – 1142) 230
AVERROES (c. A.D. 1126—1198) 238
MOSES MAIMONIDES (c. A.D. 1135-1204) 243
PETER LOMBARD (c. A.D. 1100 – 1160) 247
WILLIAM OF AUVERGNE (c. A.D. 1180/1190—1249) 249
ROBERT GROSSETESTE (c. A.D. 1175 – 1253) 254
ST. BONAVENTURE (c. A.D. 1221 – 1274) 257
ALBERT THE GREAT (c. 1200 – 1280 A.D.) 270
THOMAS AQUINAS (c. A.D. 1224/1225 – 1274) 278
ROGER BACON (c. AD 1220 – 1292) 301
JOHANNES (JOHN) DUNS SCOTUS (c. AD 1265/66 – 1308) 309
MEISTER (MASTER) (JOHN) ECKHART (c. AD 1260 – 1326) 316
WILLIAM OF OCKHAM (c. AD 1285-1349) 321
NICHOLAS OF CUSA (c. A.D. 1401-1464) 332
FRANCIS SUAREZ (c. A.D. 15481617) 338
JOHN GERSON (A.D. 13631492) 343
FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO MODERNITY 345
SELECT BOOKS ON THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY 347